Comparative Review of Conventional Computed Tomography and Photon Counting Detector Based Computed Tomography Systems

Computed Tomography (CT) has undergone significant transformations since its inception, with recent advancements in detector technology revolutionizing the field. This review provides an in-depth examination of conventional CT systems and the emerging photon counting detector (PCD)-based systems. Conventional CT systems, equipped with energy-integrating detectors, have been the cornerstone of medical imaging for decades. However, they are limited by their detector technology, resulting in compromised image quality, higher radiation doses, and limited spectral information. In contrast, PCD-based CT systems have broken new ground by offering improved imaging capabilities, including higher spatial resolution, increased sensitivity, and enhanced spectral distinction. The potential advantages of PCD-based CT systems are multifaceted, including reduced radiation exposure, improved diagnostic accuracy, and enhanced patient safety. This review provides a comprehensive analysis and performance characteristics of conventional CT and PCD-based CT systems, highlighting their clinical implications and applications, with a focus on their potential to transform various clinical specialties, including oncology, cardiology, and neurology. The review concludes by discussing the future direction of CT technology, including the potential for PCD-based systems to become the new standard in medical imaging. This review aims to educate and inform researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals about the latest developments in CT technology and their significant clinical impact. The proposed framework will enable improved and highly effective approach for brain, body, pelvic and cardiovascular diagnostics