Nano-Sensors and Development of Environmentally Friendly Sensors: Advanced Opto-Fluidic Nano Biosensor

Nano-sensors are becoming a generic term in environmental studies and also in related academic disciplines but eco-friendly Nano-sensor is recently evolving into environmental bioremediation and biotechnological application. Nano-sensors technology has been limited to issues surrounding a few special fields. More potentials in environmental applications are yet to be fully unraveled, hence, this review article targets the gap between the previous knowledge and the advancement achieved and the way this could be applied in a yet economical and novel field of an environmental conceptual framework. Environmental damage due to increasing population and industrialization is a serious cause for concern. Remediation, using smarter engineered nanomaterials (NMs) can deliver cost-effective and time-saving in situ clean-up procedures for large-scale contaminated sites. Nanomaterials are self-cleaning, having the potential to eliminate the need for treatment of the contaminated material by reducing the contaminant concentration to zero. With the rapid advancement of nanomaterials, there is the need for a proper evaluation of applications in order to prevent any potential environmental or ecological hazards. The Development of a sustainable novel nano sensor with potential environmental application in the selective detection of heavy metals in aqueous media is futuristic, however, the technique employed should be facile, which will have a commercial and economic benefit to water industries and also other environmental applications.